Effect of the Structure of Public Debt on the Development of Economic Activity in Mexico
To evaluate the convenience of modifying the structure of the national debt of Mexico, this paper realized diverse estimations that try to verify the effect that the changes in the internal national debt have on the behavior of the economic activity. It founded evidence that changes in the internal debt affects the interest rates, besides those changes in the interest rates have affected the investment level. However the relation is weak, which means that there isn,t irrefutable evidence indicating that a change in the structure of the public portfolio might affect the economy, therefore it concludes that this motive would nos justifies a change in the structurre of the portfolio of the federal goverment.
Interesting Features of Contemporary Schools of Economic Thought.
The present paper aims at offering a coherent view of the development path of contemporary schoools of economic thought and its implications for the teaching of economics in the near term. Its vision is necessarily hypothetical and preliminary.
Application of Financial Theory to Establish Hedging Strategies for the Risk of Electricity Supply Shortages and Price Volatility.
This paper presents the investigation realized in the frame of reference of the supply of electric power, to evaluate portfolios of converge of risk of supply anda variation of the price on having considered changeable conditions and the effect of strategic decisions for the application of economic resources in the production of electricity in Mexico. With an approach that goes form the particular thing to the general thing, it is analized the application of real options to shape the effect of the contracts of supply of fuels, and to evaluate the strategies of coverage integrated in portfolios to reduce the risk price and deficit of supply.
Government as a Promoter of Technological Change: A Learning-Based Growth Model.
This paper is aimed at developing an endogenous growth model in which the gevernment acts as a promoter of technology generation through its spending. The macroeconomic equilibrium that is consistent with the learning process of the agents´ preferences is characterized and the level of government spending, intended to generate new technologies, that maximizes the economic welfare of the agents when they are subject to such learning process is established. One of the major findings of this research is that there is a positive impact on economic growth when the goverment acts as a promoter of thechological change. Moreover, the impacts on economic welfare from changes in spending, taxes, and prices are assessed. Finally, there is a calibration of the model in which the level of goverment spending that generates a change in technological conditions is determined.
Descriptive analysis: How to deal with technologyto post-traumatic stress disorder ?: case Mexico
It has been shown that earthquakes have been the cause of sychosomatic diseases in cities where there have been natural disasters, the objective of this article is to propose the management of virtual reality tools for the study of diseases such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) aimed at people who have been exposed to natural disasters such as earthquakes in Mexico City.
The impact of the efficiency of the basic siefores inthe users based on the net performance
The aim of this investigation is orientated to quantify the impact of the efficiency of the basic siefores in the users, stocks in the net performance. The used method, it consisted of using statistical tools, and econometrics, for compiling and evaluating the statistical information of the consar, on the Net performance, to verify the efficiency of the managing of this saving. The originality of the present investigation, it consists, in that there has not been in use the net performance, in the analysis of this problem and to clarify the managing of the basic Siefores. Whiting the limitations of the investigation, this limited clarity that the financial institutions present in his functioning and information to the users. The study concludes that are counted the Siefores that give him a suitable, reliable and sure managing to the savings of the workers, and that with it could have a calm retirement.
New international order past, present and future, 1945 to 2020
The main objective of this research is to present how the New International Order (NOI) was built and constituted, consolidating itself through the creation of international financial and commercial organizations and made up of the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations Organization, the World Bank and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade-World Trade Organization, without forgetting the historical political context in which it developed, since after the Second World War, the hegemony of the United States of North America was consecrated. The purpose of this world order is to impose the capitalist mode of production in all regions of the world. With the above, it is necessary to understand that in this 21st century, the United States as the main representative of capitalism and one of the great winners. Although since the beginning of this 21st century this country has been found in various crises and is debating the economic and political power of the world, between China and Russia.
Public policies and power a vision of public decisionsfrom the point of view of political anthropology
The following dissertation is divided into three main sections: Firstly, the precise meaning of the power phenomena-from the mixed sociology and political anthropology points of view-is weighted. At this point, a modest description of the power phenomena in the no human animals is mentioned. Subsequently, the political power phenomena will be exposed with a combination of authority relations and domination-submission explanation, in where hierarchisation of the global societies is explained. At last the research of the economic power will be deepenely studied, where through three analytical aspects we can contemplate how public policies are nothing more than a behavior expression, the objectives and vision of economic operators from collective decisional apparatus which are permeated by the subjacent havocs in political ambiances and social realities that are severely asymmetrical.
Oil wealth and its impact on growth economic activity of Mexico, duringthe period 1979-2011
The exhaustible resources and specifically liquid hydrocarbons in situ, are considered as a patrimony of a nation-state because they are assets that can be inherit from one generation to another, and it is convenient to find a social optimal exploitation between generations. In this paper a quantitative valuation is carried out about oil wealth. This valuation begins with the amount of proved oil reserves that was in situ in Mexico the years of 1979 and 2011. To achieve this, it is necessary to calculate the present value of the expected profit margins during the productive life of resources. By other side, it has been developed a comparative analysis about the oil industry performance in Mexico and in world. The most relevant findings were: on the one hand, the continued decline in the volume of proven oil reserves in Mexico since 1982, against the continued increase in the world and, on the other hand, the accelerated decrease in the production of the Cantarell promissory complex.
Revisiting Birnbaum-Chávez and Diamond-Dybvigmodels on bank runs: do runs depend only on economicfundamentals or also on psychological factors?
This paper is aimed at revisiting and extending Birnbaum-Chávez’s (1997) y Diamond-Dybvig’s (1983) models by incorporating new psychological parameters. The proposed extension is useful to show that the level of optimism/pessimism and the risk aversion of individuals, as well as the importance (or weight) that individuals assign to the possible outcomes of the economy can make the suspension of convertibility, the bank deposit insurance and the government tax preventive policy insufficient mechanisms to avoid bank runs.
Internacional trade performance and economicgrowth in Mexico
Mexico’s international trade with the rest of the world is an important element in the performance of its economy. In the last twenty years there has been an significant opening to the rest of the world. The theory that supports this research is the so-called Thirlwall Act, which states: “The unfavorable trade balance of the current accounts of the balance of payments is a restriction on the growth of the economy”1 The objective of this research proposes the exposure of a structural problem presented by Mexico’s international trade related to the concentration of exports in the US market, it also includes two major structural deficiencies linked to the evolution of imports and exports, which significantly affect favorable GDP dynamics. Finally, this research demonstrates the validity of referred Law in Mexico’s foreign trade by using an internal absorption model.
Mexican handicrafts: economic developmentstrategy and foreign trade promotion
The aim of the paper is to propose the commercialization of Mexican handicrafts at the international level as a strategy for the economic development of the country. Also as a factor of impulse to foreign trade. It analyzes the participation of these goods in Mexican exportations and the way in which they generate income for artisans in different regions of the country. In addition, it proposes commercial strategies to increase the volume of products sent abroad from the artisanal sector. The document does not describe in detail all the regions and the crafts that these produce; it offers a wider panorama of the region of Tenango de Doria in which tenangos are embroidered. Recent statistics and specific documents related to particular aspects of the research are illustrated.
Prospects for the informal economy in Mexico
Informality continues to be one of the biggest problems facing economies around the world; not only because of its negative implications for tax collection, but even more so because of its atrocious consequences on collective welfare. It is therefore the “precarization of employment”, a phenomenon that marginalizes the population, the abandonment of social security and immersed in insufficient wages that lead to poverty. The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of informality in Mexico, providing updated data that describe the phenomenon and broadening the panorama of the economic and social implications that this entails. We emphasize the State’s actions in face of this imminent problem and a series of proposals aimed at mitigating its effects are proposed.
Bitcoin, a speculative bubble?Analysis of the parametric stability oftime series for the period 2009-2018
Bitcoin is the most known exchange cryptocurrency today, represents a potential alternative to FIAT money. In this paper we analyze the price changes over time to determine if there is a price bubble driven by irrationality. Using parametric stability from the time series of the bitcoin price, we found the presence of a structural break during the periods of 2017 and 2018, which conduct to a change in the time series. Our findings confirm the formation of a price bubble during this period of time.
Determinants of the emigration of mexicans abroad:application of the equation of gravity
In the present study, a modified severity model for migration was estimated, with the objective of determining which variables influence the Mexican population that decides to emigrate abroad. We worked with panel data considering 57 destination countries of Mexican emigrants. To estimate the model, components from both Mexico and the destination country were included, which would allow us to appreciate the behavior of emigration in Mexico. The explanatory variables were: GDP per capita, unemployment rate, distance and whether or not they speak a common language. Statistically significant variables at a confidence level of 90%, 95% and 99% were; unemployment in the foreign country, the distance between Mexico and the country of destination of the emigrants and the mastery of a common language.
Convergence, capital accumulation,and the world-system analysis
This article relates unweighted inequality between countries to the levels of the stock of capital per capita between countries. Based on the World-System analysis, we show that capital accumulation plays a key role in peripheral countries catching up the leading countries, however, in the World-System accumulation is a difficult result to achieve to peripheral countries. Using two databases (The Maddison Project and Penn World Tables), we show in this article that, through several indexes, between countries inequality increased from 1950 to 2008 and the minimal increase of the growth rates of the poor countries. Subsequently, we observed that inequality in the stock of capital per capita has increased and the scarce increase of the investment in the poor countries.
Origin and Functioning of Cryptocurrencies
This research aims to analyze the nature, technological foundations, and evolution of cryptocurrencies within the financial system, as well as their global market reach. It examines their historical origins linked to the 2008 financial crisis, describes their operational pillars (blockchain, cryptography, and consensus mechanisms), and analyzes the factors that determine their value. The relationship between market capitalization, technical design (including supply limits), and use cases of the ten leading cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, XRP, BNB, Solana, USD Coin, Dogecoin, Cardano, and TRON) is explored. The research identifies those cryptocurrencies do not constitute a homogeneous category but are classified according to their function, which can be a means of payment, infrastructure, or service, directly influencing their valuation. It is also highlighted that the market is clearly hierarchical and segmented by the function of each one, Bitcoin as a store of value (fixed supply: 21M), Ethereum as programmable infrastructure, and stable coins (USDT, USDC) as pillars of liquidity (no supply limit). Market capitalization and circulation directly reflect adoption and perceived utility. It is concluded that, despite the challenges, cryptocurrencies represent a transformative financial innovation. Their consolidation will depend on technological maturation, widespread adoption, and the development of regulatory frameworks that balance innovation with user protection and system stability.
Criptomonedas, Blockchain, Stablecoins, Capitalización de mercado, Finanzas descentralizadas (DeFi).
This essay aims to provide an answer to the question of usefulness of mathematics in economics, not from the perspective of explaining arithmetic exercises, but from a more holistic viewpoint—that is, the consequences for the population regarding its knowledge and understanding. Supported primarily by empirical evidence from the PISA assessment, it discusses how other countries have achieved growth and improvements when they have a higher level of mathematical literacy. The work consists of—in addition to an introduction—four sections: students, academic rigor, science and technology, and finally, economic growth. This text is intended as a starting point for internal, and if possible, external debate. It is important to emphasize that correlation does not imply causation; therefore, while mathematics is present in major economies, it is not the sole reason for their success.
Trends and Economic Effects of China’s Expansion in Latin America within the Framework of the Belt and Road Initiative
This article examines the main trends in economic relations between China and Latin America and the Caribbean within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. The People’s Republic of China has significantly expanded its presence in the region by focusing on strategic sectors linked to natural resources and logistics, thereby strengthening its economic and geopolitical influence. The analysis shows that the expansion of Chinese trade and investment—driven by large-scale imports of minerals and agricultural products, as well as major infrastructure projects—has stimulated growth in several South American countries but has also deepened patterns of unequal exchange and generated new forms of dependence on the Chinese market and on the volatility of international commodity prices. Consequently, China–Latin America relations combine short-term economic opportunities with a growing structural subordination of the region to the Chinese economy.
Invisible journeys: older caregivers and everyday mobility in sustaining life
This article explores the experiences of unpaid older caregivers in Mérida, Yucatán, from a perspective that intertwines direct care with everyday mobility. Based on qualitative research with a narrative approach, a collaborative process was developed with eight older adults living in the southern part of the city. All of them directly accompany elderly relatives with chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, cancer, or schizophrenia. Their stories provide insight into how care is experienced and unfolds in terms of the body, time, and space. The physicality that sustains it, the temporality that organizes each day, and the spatiality that conditions their journeys reveal how these embodied dimensions shape their daily movements. Beyond practical trips such as medical appointments, shopping, or errands, these journeys involve a constant effort to inhabit a city that was not designed with them in mind. Deteriorated sidewalks, inaccessible/distant transportation routes, and exclusionary digital systems create an adverse environment, where caring also means resisting. The analysis begins with a critique of how territory has historically been understood. While rurality has been hegemonicly associated with backwardness, urban areas are often assumed to be homogeneous spaces. However, cities also stratify and distribute services and infrastructure unevenly. Incorporating categories such as gender, age, and class makes it possible to see how access to, use of, and experience of space are marked by inequalities that shape ways of caring and living.
Relationship between South Korea’s foreign direct investment in Mexico and its impact on bilateral trade and technology transfer
This study analyzed the relationship and effect of South Korean Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Mexico, Korea's high-technology trade balance, and the peso-dollar exchange rate, in order to determine if these variables maintain a long-term relationship and how this relationship might influence the economic and industrial dynamics between the two countries. Using a quantitative approach based on cointegration regression of time series data from 1990 to 2023, a cointegration relationship between the analyzed variables was confirmed. Historical investment patterns were identified, the behavior of technology trade was analyzed, and the impact of the exchange rate was evaluated. Although no significant short-term effects were observed, the long-term link shows that these variables tend to move together, adjusting toward a structural equilibrium relationship. The study concludes that South Korean FDI in Mexico is influenced by the performance of its technology trade balance and by exchange rate conditions, thus validating the proposed hypothesis. The study provides a solid basis for understanding how the economic and strategic decisions of an Asian country with high technological capacity can find in Mexico a key partner for productive diversification and international expansion.
ESG transparency in Mexico: a quantitative assessment of corporate reports using Natural Language Processing (NLP)
This paper presents a methodology for measuring the presence of ESG criteria in the corporate information of Mexican public companies included in the Sustainable Corporate Accounting Index (SCI) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Based on a corpus of 383 quarterly reports from 16 issuers included in the SCI from 2018 to 2023, a textual analysis process is developed: extraction, preprocessing, and linguistic analysis to generate quantitative metrics. Specifically, two scores are developed: the first measures the frequency and polarity of mentions related to sustainability, and a weighted risk score, which combines textual indicators of corporate risk (60%) with a measure of financial vulnerability based on the debt-to-EBITDA ratio (40%). The results indicate a lack of transparency and explicit reporting on companies' ESG practices.
Care needs of elderly indigenous women with rheumatoid arthritis: A case study, Mexico.
The sociocultural and economic implications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are varied, and therefore the impact of RA on older indigenous Mexican women is multifaceted, with significant repercussions on their work, economic, and psychosocial lives. Fatigue, pain, and morning stiffness are common symptoms that limit the ability to perform daily and work activities. This is compounded by the limited access to healthcare institutions that provide diagnosis and treatment with equity and social justice, which is often lacking in indigenous areas. This is a qualitative, descriptive, case study in an indigenous population in southern Oaxaca, where the lack of medical supplies has delayed treatment for various diseases. In this case, the results found for RA in older women are not receiving treatment due to a lack of financial resources. Meanwhile, the care provided at home by daughters and granddaughters, who manage hygiene and nutrition, continues while the disease progresses and culminates in death. The theoretical axes described range from ethnicity, vulnerability, and the ethics of care, as well as the educational leadership required to assist in the comprehensive management of RA patient care and disease prevention in the community as a whole.
Imagine you've invited your grandmother or grandfather to a cultural activity in Mexico City. You don't have a car, so you'll travel by public transportation. The journey begins as you walk to the bus stop: the sidewalk is in poor condition, there's a pole in the middle, and a badly parked car. As you try to cross, the traffic light changes so quickly that you can barely take a few steps; your walk is slow and unsteady, likely with the help of a cane. Then, to board the bus, the steps are high and the driver is always in a hurry. Once at the cultural center, you find ramps, but to get to your assigned seat, you still have to climb stairs and go through narrow hallways. The question then arises: are the city and its architecture inclusive? The answer, almost always, is no. That is the theme of this text: the relationship between older adults and the spaces we inhabit and travel through. We're not just talking about architecture or the city; we're talking about dignity, rights, and the possibility of living with quality of life at all stages of life
Communities of Care and Dignified Aging: The SUAM-CUSUR Experience as a Model of Social Sustainability
Population aging is one of the main social challenges of the 21st century, demanding inclusive communities that guarantee care and dignity for older adults. In this context, the University System for Older Adults (SUAM) of the Centro Universitario del Sur (CUSur) at the University of Guadalajara constitutes a model of social sustainability aimed at building caring communities. This study, with a qualitative and narrative approach, systematizes the experiences of academics, students, administrators, and civil society linked to SUAM-CUSur. The results highlight four central axes: social participation, community approach, university outreach, and social responsibility.
16th Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean: Reflections on the Care Agenda
This article examines three public policy proposals related to care work that emerged from the sessions of the 16th Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. The first proposal is the creation of the “City of Care,” also known as the “House of the Three R’s.” The second proposal is the Tlatelolco Commitment, a document signed by participating countries that affirms care as a human right. The third proposal is the initiative for a Public Care System Law, which seeks to include care within the Political Constitution. This is an interpretative study based on information gathered from databases such as Redalyc, SciELO, CLACSO, and WoS, as well as websites of non-governmental organizations related to care. In addition, various official pages from different local governments were reviewed, and valuable information was collected from the authors’ attendance and participation in the 16th Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. The findings indicate that the Conference made visible a reality that has upheld Latin American societies for decades; however, the true challenge lies in confronting and addressing the profound gender inequalities present in the region’s countries—particularly the urgent need to respond to the care crisis.
“I started coming here and came back to life.” The role of community centers for older adults in their perception of loneliness
Demographic changes in our country have resulted in a greater number of older adults, which brings with it various implications, both in the services and in the infrastructure that meet the needs of this population group; but also, in the ways of relating to others. In general, their relationships change since there are elements such as retirement from work, the absence of children at home, widowhood, limitations in carrying out their daily activities, among others; all this can be accompanied by feelings of loneliness that can change when they are close to other people. In this paper our objective is to analyze the role that community centers for the elderly have in their perception of loneliness.
Intergenerational care homes: an alternative for family well-being
In Mexico, it is common to hear about retirement homes or nursing homes that welcome elderly people, occasionally, regularly, or permanently. They offer comfort in terms of care and health assistance, participation in daily activities, safe environments, interaction and activities, emotional support, rehabilitation, and therapy. However, being separated from their families, many elderly individuals suffer from sadness, depression, isolation, and loneliness. In contrast, there are occasions when children are left in the care of elderly adults who lack the skills, capabilities, or strength to perform this task. This dynamic reflects a lack of structured options that provide well-being for both generations. Intergenerational care institutions are an uncommon alternative in the country. This model of care can promote coexistence and mutual support among different generations. The purpose of this research is to examine the advantages offered by an intergenerational care home, for which a qualitative, quantitative, and systematic analysis will be conducted.
Changes in wages and working hours for employees by gender. 2019 and 2024
Abstract In the years 2020-2022, the country suffered the impacts of Covid-19, which affected the economy and the entire population, including employees. The closure of establishments, the dismissal of workers, and the change in ways of working affected them. But these changes were accompanied by economic policy measures such as the separation of essential and non-essential activities as a result of the pandemic and the increase in the minimum wage, which did little or nothing to benefit salaried workers. This measure was accompanied by an increase in the working day for salaried workers. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to present the changes in salaried employment based on two phenomena, the increase in the salary associated with the working day from 2019 to 2024 in order to show who were the most affected, whether men or women, in the face of an obvious fact and an increase in the precariousness of working conditions. This phenomenon was accompanied by a disproportionate increase in the number of people earning up to the minimum wage compared to the total number of wage earners, and this increase was accompanied by an intensification of the working day, more so for women than for men. Keywords: employees, wages, benefits, Covid-19, gender.